Vikram Ambalal Sarabhai (12 August 1919 – 30 December 1971) was an Indian physicist and astronomer who initiated space research and helped to develop nuclear power in India. Often regarded as the " Father of Indian space program",
Early life and education
Vikram Sarabhai was born on 12 August 1919 in a
Gujarati people Śvetāmbara
Shrimal Jain Jainism family, in
Ahmedabad, India.
His father was
Ambalal Sarabhai, a major industrialist committed to the Indian independence movement.
Professional life
Known as the cradle of space sciences in India, the Physical Research Laboratory (PRL) was founded in 1947 by Vikram Sarabhai.
PRL had a modest beginning at his residence, the "RETREAT", with research on
cosmic rays.
The institute was formally established at the M.G. Science Institute, Ahmedabad, on 11 November 1947
His interests varied from science to sports to statistics. He set up the Operations Research Group (ORG), the first market research organization in the country. Most notable among the many institutes he helped set up are the Nehru Foundation for Development in Ahmedabad, the Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad (IIMA), and the Ahmedabad Textile Industry's Research Association (ATIRA). Along with his wife Mrinalini Sarabhai, he founded the Darpana Academy of Performing Arts. Other projects and institutions initiated or established by him include the Fast Breeder Test Reactor (FBTR) in Kalpakkam, Variable Energy Cyclotron Project in Calcutta, Electronics Corporation of India Limited (ECIL) in Hyderabad and Uranium Corporation of India Limited (UCIL) in Jaduguda, Jharkhand.
Sarabhai started a project for the fabrication and launch of an Indian satellite. As a result, the first Indian satellite, Aryabhata, was put in orbit in 1975 from a Russian cosmodrome.
Death
On 30 December 1971, Sarabhai was to review the SLV design before his departure for
Bombay the same night. He had spoken to A. P. J. Abdul Kalam on the telephone. Within an hour into the conversation, Sarabhai suffered a fatal cardiac arrest at the age of 52 in
Trivandrum. His body was cremated in
Ahmedabad.
Personal life
Vikram Sarabhai married the classical dancer Mrinalini on 3 September 1942. The couple had two children. His daughter
Mallika Sarabhai gained prominence as an actress and activist, and his son Kartikeya too became an active person in science. He attended
Gujarat College, Ahmedabad, but later moved to the University of Cambridge, England, where he took his
tripos in natural sciences in 1940.
In 1945, he returned to Cambridge to pursue his
PhD and wrote a thesis, "Cosmic Ray Investigations in Tropical Latitudes", in 1947.
Distinguished positions
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President of the Physics section,Indian Science Congress (1962)
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President of the General Conference of the I.A.E.A., Vienna (1970)
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Chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission of India (1966–1971)
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Vice-president, Fourth UN Conference on 'Peaceful uses of Atomic Energy' (1971)
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Founder and Chairman (1963–1971), Space Applications Centre
Legacy
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The Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, (VSSC), which is the Indian Space Research Organization's lead facility for launch vehicle development located in Thiruvananthapuram (Trivandrum), capital of Kerala state, is named in his memory.
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Along with other Ahmedabad-based industrialists, he played a major role in setting up of the IIM Ahmedabad.
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Indian Postal Department released a commemorative Postal Stamp On his first death anniversary (30 December 1972)
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In 1973, the International Astronomical Union decided that a lunar crater, Bessel A, in the Sea of Serenity will be known as the Sarabhai crater.
[Antonín Rükl: Atlas Měsíce, Aventinum (Praha 1991), chapter Bessel, page 74, ][Sarabhai (crater) – ]
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The lander on India's Moon mission Chandrayaan-2 which was to land near the South Pole of the Moon on Sep 20, 2019 was named Vikram in his honour.
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Vikram A Sarabhai Community Science Centre (VASCSC) located in Ahmedabad, Gujarat is named after him. Vikram Sarabhai established this institute around the 1960s.
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Former World Quiz Champion Vikram Joshi was named after him.
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A Space Museum was dedicated to him at B M Birla Science Centre, Hyderabad on 26 July 2019. The museum was curated by Pranav Sharma.
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ISRO's Vikas (rocket engine) is named after him.
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On his 100th birthday on 12 August 2019, the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) announced an award in the name of Vikram Sarabhai. The Vikram Sarabhai Journalism award in Space Science Technology and Research will be given to those journalists who have contributed to the fields of space science, applications, and research.
In popular culture
On 12 August 2019,
Google's
Google Doodle for India commemorated Sarabhai's 100th birth anniversary.
On 30 September 2020, ACK Media along with ISRO released a book namely,
Vikram Sarabhai: Pioneering India's Space Programme. It was released in Amar Chitra Katha's digital platform and merchandise, ACK Comics.
A 2022 web-series Rocket Boys was based on the fictionalized lives of Sarabhai and Homi J. Bhabha, played by Ishwak Singh and Jim Sarbh respectively.
In the 2022 film based on Nambi Narayanan's life, Sarabhai was played by Rajit Kapur in the Hindi version and by Ravi Raghavendra in the Tamil version.
Notes
Sources
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